What is ‘sloth fever’? All the information you want about the virus that is impacting the US and Europe

US officials are on high alert for “sloth fever,” a potentially fatal infection, after Florida reported 20 cases tied to tourism, including nine last week.
An infection can result in headaches, nausea, joint stiffness, discomfort, and in a few extreme circumstances, even death. It poses special challenges for expectant mothers.

Everything you need to know about this new threat is provided here.

What is ‘sloth fever

sloth fever virus

The Oropouche virus is transmitted by mosquitoes and tiny flies that bite people. It’s widespread in other regions of South America, but Florida reported that travel to Cuba was the cause of 20 cases, the first in the US. Europe has also reported cases of the infection.

The Oropouche virus, which is pronounced “o-ro-push,” is an arbovirus that infects both people and animals through mosquito and midge bites. The illness is also referred to as “sloth fever” since it frequently affects slow-moving, bone-breaking creatures.

More than eight thousand instances of “sloth fever” have been documented between January and the beginning of August. In 2023, there were 832 reported cases.

Two deaths were reported in Brazil in July out of these 8,000 cases. There have also been a few cases of transfer from mother to fetus, which have led to birth abnormalities or fetal death.

what is sloth fever symptom

sloth fever virus

Although weakness might last for up to one month in some people, symptoms often subside within a week.

Approximately 60% of infected individuals have the following symptoms:

  • Headache
  • Chills
  • Nausea
  • Fever
  • Maculopapular rash
  • Muscle soreness
  • Eye pain
  • Joint pain
  • Vomiting
  • Diarrhea
  • Fatigue
  • Abdominal pain

Most severe condition

sloth fever virus

Meningitis and encephalitis are examples of neuroinvasive disorders that can be brought on by infection in up to 4% of cases.

Neuroinvasive consequences manifest as involuntary eye movement, stiff neck, light sensitivity, weakness, and eye discomfort.

Sloth fever prevention

sloth fever virus

Using insect repellant and installing window and door screens is the greatest line of defense against bites.

Vaccines against Oropouche infection do not exist. Pregnant women are advised by the CDC to reevaluate unnecessary travel to infected locations, such as Cuba.

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